The 3 Rooms of Melancholia

Production history

An American producer with an ambitious plan for a trans-Atlantic series on the Decalogue approached Iikka Vehkalahti of the Finnish public broadcasting company YLE to suggest a suitable director. Vehkalahti asked Pirjo Honkasalo to direct one part of the series. She chose the commandment "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour", and The 3 Rooms of Melancholia was born.

It took a whole year to reach a draft agreement that was apparently acceptable to all parties. As the talks entered a critical phase, Honkasalo engaged Millennium Film producer Kristiina Pervilä as a partner. Even as all seemed to be ready, Honkasalo could not bring herself to accept a clause giving the American producer the right to a "final cut". A staunch believer in the European "auteur" tradition, she felt that a film director must not relinquish control over a work for which she is artistically and morally responsible. Nor would she allow any third party to pre-empt her right to make the final judgement calls on how to use footage of the lives of people living in a war zone.

At that point the American producer visited Helsinki to try and resolve the conflict. As Honkasalo remained intractable, he quipped: "I opened heaven's gate for you girls and you are too stupid to walk in". The two sides never met again.

Honkasalo had also refused to divulge anything about the theme of the film to the Americans before any agreement had been signed, so the subject remained free for her to work on. Even though it meant they had to start looking for funds all over again, Honkasalo and Pervilä were determined to continue with the project, particularly as a great deal of preliminary work had already been done with trips to possible locations and the drafting of a script.

In addition to winning financial support in Finland, Sweden and Denmark, the two women obtained financing from Nordisk Film & TV Fond, a Scandinavian foundation, and from the European Media Fund. Germany's ZDF and the Franco-German television channel Arte offered to co-produce the film through the Martin Pieper "Grade format" scheme. The Kronstadt Military Academy was willing to welcome the film crew, and the President of Ingushetia volunteered transport and armed security guards for field trips to the crisis area. Everything seemed to be going well.

And then the unpredictable happened: September 11th, the collapse of the Twin Towers, and Russia joined America's war against terrorism. In exchange, the West chose to silence its criticism of the war in Chechnya, now redefined as part of Russia's contribution to the war against terrorism. Chechnya thus became an internal affair for the Kremlin and the wall of silence became virtually indestructible.

Earlier on, during the pre-shooting trips, Ingushetia had been awash with observers from Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations who were able to keep track of events in neighbouring Chechnya. They were now quietly being forced out of the country while, at around the same time, the post of President of Ingushetia "conveniently" went to a new incumbent, a former classmate of Vladimir Putin with a KGB background. The change of attitude also meant there was no more talk of cars and bodyguards for the crew. The film crew were let in, but without their equipment, and they were soon presented with an ultimatum to leave the country within 24 hours. A climate of distinct hostility towards the media began to spread across Russia. By now the Kremlin had significantly tightened its grip on the media and effectively controlled all television channels of any importance, and most of the press organs.

Increasing numbers of former KGB officers - now employed by its successor organisation, the FSB, or Federal Security Service - began to infiltrate all manner of public administration bodies across the Russian Federation in what effectively amounted to a quiet takeover of large portions of executive power by the secret services.

Shooting for the film was taking place at the Kronstadt Military Academy in October 2002 when Chechen rebels burst into the Dubrovka Theatre in Moscow. The ensuing hostage drama resulted in a change of atmosphere in Kronstadt. The directors of the cadet school began to make it impossible to continue filming. They became increasingly nervous and suspicious, fearing bad repercussions. No-one seemed to think that shooting footage of Russian and Chechen children was a good idea any more, albeit on the grounds of propriety or out of concern for the safety of those involved.

Kristiina Pervilä, the Finnish producer, battled for the ever-increasing number of new, additional official filming permits, calling on influential contacts in the cultural sphere, in the military, in political circles - including the Duma (the lower chamber of the Russian Parliament) - and among civil servants responsible for the issuance of accreditation credentials to journalists in the Caucasus region. They did manage to continue shooting the film, but the details must remain confidential to avoid putting anyone at risk.

Filming finally had to stop in the autumn of 2003, when the hostilities began spilling over into Ingushetia and it became too risky for anyone to show their face to a camera.